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Change Blindness and Choice Blindness
Denemarková, Martina ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
Change blindness and choice blindness are phenomena, research on which is not only interesting, but also essential for better understanding of attention, formation of internal representations, decision making processes, formation and stability of preferences. The thesis introduces change blindness and choice blindness in theoretical relations, briefly submits crosscut of research studies of these phenomena and factors affecting them. In relationship to the literature review part, this thesis also contains a proposal of empirical study investigating the influence of demand characteristics on choice blindness in context of consumer preferences. Keywords: Change blindness Choice blindness Preferences Internal representations Decision making
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The effect of experience and floral traits on preferences and flower constancy in Eristalis tenax
Haveldová, Alice ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mikát, Michael (referee)
Intraspecific pollen transfer is crucial for ensuring successful pollination and subsequent reproduction of many plant species. Mechanisms directly influenced by plants, that can increase the proportion of intraspecific pollen through their flower form (individual floral traits) are preferences and constancy of pollinators. The proportion of intraspecific pollen transfer increases with higher preferences or constancy of the pollinator. Pollinator preferences and constancy tend to change over its lifetime based on experience with the flowers they have visited. Very few studies have examined the effect of experience on preferences and especially constancy in relation to multiple floral traits in hoverflies (Syrphidae, Diptera), which are an important pollinator group. In this study, I investigated the degree of preference and constancy of common drone fly Eristalis tenax L (Syrphidae) as a function of two floral traits, colour and size, and as a function of experience. I did so by monitoring visits and flights in arrays of artificial flowers. The hoverflies were of two origins: naïve (reared under laboratory conditions, with no previous experience of visiting flowers) and experienced (captured in the wild with previous experience). Naïve individuals made decisions primarily based on colour, with size...
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Preference of fermented dairy products in selected groups of consumers
ZÁMEČNÍKOVÁ, Marie
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the influence of selected demographic factors on the preferences of fermented dairy products. For this purpose, a question-naire survey was created, which was attended by 278 respondents (128 men and 150 women). The questionnaire survey revealed that the most frequently consumed prod-ucts are semi-hard and natural cheeses and yoghurts, while the most popular yoghurt is classic white yoghurt with more than 3% fat. The group of older respondents pre-ferred semi-fat cheeses, while the fatness of the cheeses was not essential for the group of younger respondents. The most preferred dairy company was Madeta (50% of respondents). When choosing a product, consumers were most often influenced by price and flavour, while the price influenced more men, and the flavour influenced more women. The results of the diploma thesis can be beneficial for better infor-mation about the frequency of consumption and preference of fermented dairy prod-ucts among Czech consumers.
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An ideal teacher from the point of view of pupils
HNUDOVÁ, Sára
The bachelor thesis focuses on the view of the ideal teacher. It examines the key characteristics of the ideal teacher from the point of view of fifth and ninth grade primary school pupils and whether their perspective differs. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical part - research. The theoretical part contains the definition of the teaching profession, the requirements for teachers and their professional competences. The information on the relevant development periods of the surveyed respondents, are provided further. The practical part focuses on research and hierarchy of the key characteristics of the teacher according to the answers of the questioned pupils. The classification was based on the results of the questionary investigation. The questionary was based on the knowledge obtained in the theoretical part, in particular from the competences of the teacher. In the practical part it is further evaluated whether the view of the ideal teacher differs between the individual age categories that were examined.
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How can Factors Underlying Human Preferences Lead to Methods of Formal Characterizations towards Developing Safe Artificial General Intelligence?
Al-Nusair, Rana Ghalib ; Špelda, Petr (advisor) ; Butler, Eamonn (referee) ; Biagini, Erika (referee)
This research aims to investigate the Artificial Intelligence (AI) value alignment problem, which refers to the challenge in developing a safe and reliable AI that can achieve our goals and adhere to our values as we intend it to do. A misaligned AI, especially one which transcends all domains of cognitive abilities and has acquired vast computational powers, will be nearly impossible to manage and it will threaten our security. Research addressing this problem is now focused on understanding how to develop AI that can reliably infer our values from our preferences. Thus, preferences are the primary conceptual unit of analysis to the AI value alignment problem. This paper investigates our preferences and seeks to shed light on the issue of obtaining a formal truth that is fundamentally constitutive of our preferences, for the aim of using said formal truth to create a value aligned AI. To do this, this paper gathers data from economics, biological evolution, and neurocognitive studies to bridge the current gaps on the conceptual problem of preferences. The paper concludes with presenting a new kind of security dilemma which stems from the notion of combining a general theoretical framework that fully captures our preferences with the crucial elementof uncertainty inAI, effectively showcasing how...
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Analysis of consumers' preferences for cars on Slovak market.
Nedeľka, Michal ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Sargsyan, Yermone (referee)
This thesis investigates the effect of registration tax and fuel prices on the car market in Slovakia. Using the dataset provided by the Department of Evidence and Papers of Slovak Police Force with information about vehicles that entered the national car evidence, we compute monthly registrations of passenger vehicles. Given the nature of our data, we estimate pooled OLS model with fixed effects, focusing on different vehicle segments. We also analyse fuel price elasticity when prices were mostly decreasing or increasing to examine asymmetric response of car buyers. Results suggest a negative impact of the registration tax on the number of registrations of petrol vehicles with a stronger response of fuel efficient cars compared to less efficient. In the segment of diesel vehicles, only registrations of used and less efficient cars are affected by the tax. The elasticity of registrations with respect to fuel costs is negative for all car segments except for the new efficient petrol-fueled vehicles. Registrations of diesel vehicles are more sensitive with respect to fuel price changes than petrol cars in most segments. We also find an asymmetric response to fuel prices during the periods of price increases and decreases and declining responsiveness over time. JEL Classification C23, O18, Q31, R41,...
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Modern Banking and Preference Channels
Regináč, Jozef ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Pečená, Magda (referee)
Financial markets are nowadays more important than ever. Financial crisis of the previous decade demonstrated their power to influence stability of the whole economy. Since the consensus blames weak regulation and considers the only solution to be its extension, this thesis tries to provide the proof of existence of other options. The focus is firstly aimed at the weaknesses of the fractional reserve banking, which does not follow the basic legal principles of a deposit contract. This practice results in price fluctuations and favoritism of first takers of newly created money. Moreover, the thesis develops a new method of analysis, which emphasizes the application of preferences in exchanges. Important outcome of this method is the demonstration that the public does not have to always prefer the most evolved form of institution. All institutions within commercial banks are then analyzed with the use of this method and the thesis shows where preference channels are being interfered with. This analysis also reveals another outcome of fractional reserve banking, which is that the newly created money is only used according to the preferences of commercial bankers. We suggest that circumvention of the true nature of a deposit contract leads to a similar outcome in loan banking, where funds gathered by loan...
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Preference and Popularity of Individual Sport Activities among Older School - Age and Teenage Children in Kolín
Keltner, Michal ; Kašpar, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dlouhý, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic called "Preferences and Popularity of Individual Sports Branches by Children of Older School and Junior Age in Kolín". In the theoretic part I focused on definition of the main terms which occur in the name of the thesis as preferences, popularity, sports branch, children of older school age and children of junior age. Discovered data were processed on the basis of quantitative method via questionnaire survey and the evaluation was carried out via spreadsheet and statistical methods. The performed survey answered the stated survey questions from which emerged that children of older school age are more interested in performance sport. The most often performance sports done are football and dancing by both groups of the respondents. Further, girls would not change performance sport for their favourite one. Junior age children would like to do their favourite sport at performance level. Popularity of physical education does not vary by children doing sport for leisure or performance. KEYWORDS sport, sports branch, children, older school age, junior age, health, physical education, lifestyle, preferences, popularity
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Teaching Future Tenses to University Students of English Philology
Šteflová, Hanna ; Malá, Marcela (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee) ; Betáková, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with teaching the following seven future forms: the Future Simple, Be going to, the Present Simple and the Present Continuous with a future reference, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous to students of English Philology. The deductive and inductive approaches to teaching grammar were employed to teach these future forms. The quantitative part of the study had two main objectives. The first objective was to revise and improve the students' knowledge of the seven future forms taught by the study. The results revealed that out of all the seven future forms, the students' knowledge of the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous was the least satisfactory, and these tenses required further explanation and practice. The participants' knowledge of the rules of use for all seven future forms was rather low in general and required significant improvement. The second objective was to investigate which approach to teaching grammar, the deductive or inductive approach, was more effective for teaching future tenses. The deductive approach proved to be more effective for teaching all seven future forms. The difference between the results of the pre-test and the post-test for the Future Continuous, the Future...
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Meaning of practice and achieving of working experiences during the tertiary education due to competitivness on labor market in focus on graduates
Jonák, Martin ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Kohoutek, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused on the topic of job opportunities for graduates after the graduation on the labor market in the Czech Republic and possible preparation for this issue during the studies too. The object of this work is the participation of students on their career paths in the future and the competitiveness of their human capital. The position of graduates in the history of the Czech Republic is various. This thesis describes the university degree during the history and present of the Czech Republic. We're talking about the time period of socialism, then the Velvet Revolution and the period of tertiary education in a democratic society. These periods are described using the academic sources, theories and opinions. The thesis focuses on the time horizon of ten years from 2006 to 2015 in the research study. By the research author examines the various strategies and attitudes of students confronted with this issue. Respondents of the target group of graduates are interviewed for their actions during the tertiary education. The world is changing. There is technological progress, globalization and the countries are developing in all ways of socio-economic units. The individual actors of the educational system in tertiary education are adapting and developing similarly. They are adapting to the...
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